Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. (2016) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File Report 2016-1192. Feldl N and Bilham R 2006 Great Himalayan Earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199. Surv. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. 79 1237-1250. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Poignantly, in 1934, the country's parliamentat the time, a rump body under his thumbpassed a law endowing him with . Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? 46 10.1016/S0065-2687(03)46001-9. Springer, Singapore. Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). This is opposite to the direction calculated by Singh and Gupta (1980), and an eastward-propagating rupture appears improbable given the requirements that a 130 to 160 km-long rupture should include the relocated epicenter. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. affected during this earthquake. Sun 26 Apr 2015 04.56 EDT. Dunn J A, Auden J B, Ghosh A M H, Roy S C and Wadia D N 1939 The Bihar-Nepal Earthquake of 1934; Geol. Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. Overcoming the odds How Babur Arafat brought Pride to India. 1. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. 3. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, You can also search for this author in About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. Thank you for visiting nature.com. It resulted in a huge death toll and caused extensive destruction to buildings and infrastructure both in the central-eastern Nepal and the adjacent parts of India. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. Chen W-P and Molnar P 1977 Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in Central Asia; Geophys. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. - 202.3.109.12. 74(3) 213-229. Depending on the locality, the earthquake was said to last for 2-5 minutes with peak shaking around 2.5 mins after the initiation of earthquake. Your email address will not be published. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). The 1934 NepalIndia earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in India's history. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. A.. Burrard, S. (1934). The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". Lett. Rana, B. S. (2013). Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. Earth quake cause landslides f Effects Seismic sea waves (TUSNAMIS) f Effects Damage to human life and structures f Effects Faults, thrust and folds f Other Effects More devastating fires Change in surface drainage and underground circulation of water Depression forming lakes fDistribution f Distribution About 60 % of all Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 29452969. Everest. Publ. Bomford, G. (1937). In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. Journal of Earth System Science. This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. Damage to a man-made structure. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Your email address will not be published. and JavaScript. Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? (2020). PubMedGoogle Scholar. An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals. Jorganesh Press. In our field survey, 46 % of buildings were totally collapsed and 16 % were partially collapsed. Bilham, R. (2019). Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. Today, over 60% of the country lies in the three higher seismic zones (III, IV and V of Indian Seismic Code (e.g. Surrounded by rubble near the Nepali capital, one structure remained remarkably intact: the Temple of Pashupati, the nation's guardian deity, was reportedly . Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India. Soc. 2 409-452. In 2016, floods affected over 2.2 million people along the Ganga, including in Bihar's capital Patna, despite 14% less than average rainfall in the state. listrik dan panas, serta mempunyai titik cair tinggi. The official death toll was reported to be 8000 in Nepal and about 7000 in India, but the unofficial sources put the Indian figure near 25,000. alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. To the effects of shaking were added those of flood; the rivers rose high after the earthquake, bringing down sand, mud, trees, and all kinds of debris. Tect. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. Science, 294, 23282331. Nepal-Bihar 1934. A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. Read John's blog. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal This is not an exception. volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Geol. Bomford G 1937 Leveling in Bengal and Bihar 93-97. Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. These seven martyrs wrote history of freedom with their blood in Patna. were researched. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. 117, S2, 773-782. SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. Everest. Just after the avalanche, about 200 people were left stranded on the mountain as help couldn't reach them due to the risky condition of the mountain. 4. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) Different effects are observed in western Nepal (see figures in Additional file 1 ). On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. (2019). ), 2019. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! Surv. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? The devastating quake of 8.3-magnitude on Richter scale that fateful day . Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian himalaya. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). Mitigation Measures for Earthquakes in India It was accompanied by spectacular effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and water fountains. Earthq. Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India, Indian states' electricity transition (SET) . Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. Based on these evidences, it was concluded that the rupture zone; hypocenter and thereby the epicenter laid beneath the lesser Himalayas and not beneath the plains of northern India. , USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 earthquake was one of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled memoir... 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